UNIFORM OF THE 18TH CENTURY SOLDIER


A: HAT- Three cornered hats (called "cocked" hats) were typical with regular infantry, or battalion troops. Small leather caps were more common on skirmishers - rangers and light infantry units. British grenadiers and musicians often wore tall bearskin caps. Other military and civilian hats varied greatly.

B: COAT- Often highly decorated, the regimental coat was the 18th century soldier's most distinctive feature. Most British regulars wore the familiar red coats. Artillery units of both sides wore dark blue or black, and green was worn by rangers on both sides. White, brown and various shades of blue were also worn, with blue becoming more common amongst Continental regulars as the war progressed.

C: FACINGS- The lapels, cuffs and collars of the regimental coat were usually of a different color than the coat. Color of facings varied between regiments and helped distinguish them from each other.

D: LACE- The tape decoration around the buttonholes and on the pockets was unique in design and placement to each European regiment.

Soldier illustration redrawn from G.A. Embleton/ Osprey.

E: CARTRIDGE POUCH- Most soldiers carried a tin canister or leather covered wood block on a shoulder strap. The cartridge pouch held prepared rounds of powder and lead rolled in paper tubes for fast loading and rapid fire. Smaller cartridge boxes were sometimes also worn on the belt.

F: WAISTCOAT- The long vest, or "weskit", was worn by all decent men in public, the shirt being considered underwear. Regular troops of all participating nations usually wore white "small clothes", which included the waistcoat and some sort of legwear (see below). Civilian small clothes were a variety of styles and colors.

G: LEGWEAR- "Breeches" were short, full-cut pants which fastened just below the knee. "Trousers" were ankle length pants, and "gaitered trousers" covered the shoe tops to keep out stones and debris.

H: LONGARM- Smoothbore flintlock muskets, the most common firearms of the day, were notoriously inaccurate, but fast loading and deadly in massed fire. Rifles were NOT common, but were employed for their accuracy at long distances by some light troops and frontiers people.

I: HAVERSACK- (Not visible) A linen shoulder bag used to carry food rations.

J: SIDEARM- Musket men carried bayonets, riflemen carried tomahawks and knives. Commissioned officers carried swords on either a waist or a shoulder belt.

K: SPLATTERDASHERS- Ankle-high spatterdashers or tall dark fabric "gaiters" with many buttons were common to European troops. Frontierspeople might employ gaiters or tall "leggins" made of blanket material or buckskin.

L: FOOTWEAR- Buckled shoes were common, though many had ties. Moccasins were not at all unusual, especially with frontier regiments.

NWTA Field Guide ©1995 courtesy of Northwest Territory Alliance.